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Foebus abierat
''Foebus abierat'' ("Phoebus had gone") is a medieval Latin poem, authorship unknown, composed near the end of the 10th century in Northern Italy. Described as "hauntingly beautiful"〔Peter Dronke, "Learned Lyric and Popular Ballad in the Early Middle Ages," in ''The Medieval Poet and His World'' (Rome 1984), p. 167 (online. )〕 and "one of the joys of medieval poetry,"〔Dronke, "Amour sacré et amour profane au moyen âge latin: Témoignages lyriques et dramatiques," in ''Sources of Inspiration'' (Rome 1997), p. 381.〕 it is an erotic dream-vision lyric spoken by a woman who grieves the departure of her lover Phoebus, brother of the Moon. Although the language is ecclesiastical Latin, none of its content is explicitly Christian.
An English translation of ''Foebus abierat'' by the Irish poet Eavan Boland was published in the April 2008 issue of ''Poetry'' magazine.〔"Phoebus was gone, all gone, his journey over," ''Poetry'', April 2008, p. 36, with translator's note p. 37.〕 Boland describes the poem as the "long-ago cry of a woman finding and losing a body and soul":
Jane Stevenson speculated in her book ''Women Latin Poets'' that this "highly original poem" was written by a nun.〔Jane Stevenson, ''Women Latin Poets'' (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 116 (online. )〕
==The text==
The poem was rediscovered in 1960 by the medieval-lyric specialist Peter Dronke in a Bodleian manuscript dating ''ca.'' 1000 and copied at the monastery of Fleury on the Loire river. Dronke published the history of the text, critical apparatus, and commentary in ''Medieval Latin and the Rise of European Love-Lyric'' (Oxford 1968, 2nd ed.), vol. 2, pp. 332–341. He has remarked that "the excitement of those moments of first finding and reading it, and realizing what it was, remains vivid in the memory even after sixteen years."〔Dronke, "Learned Lyric and Popular Ballad," pp. 167–168.〕
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